Authors analyze from the viewpoint of social philosophy and political sociology the historical implications of cultural approaches in political science as well as diverse prospects of their application, which consist in the possibility of promoting new ideas concerning correlation and interaction of culture and politics. The concepts considered in the article are aimed at the formation of a cultural paradigm in political science, which has various approaches that create conditions for the development and practical implementation of this insufficiently researched issue. Just as culture in general is a set of symbolic programs of human activity, political culture, in particular, is a special type of orientation toward political vision and action, reflecting both the specifics of each political system and the values of society, their philosophical justification and criticism. Culture and institutions, according to the authors, are closely intertwined with each other and can be separated only for analytical and methodological purposes. They act as two sides of the same coin: institutions are the product of culture and society, and culture and society, in turn, result in the action of institutions. The authors argue that the relations between institutions and culture acquire significance mainly in the following cases. First, this is the case of borrowing foreign institutions, if the cultural context of the new institutions is different from that of the recipient society. Secondly, it happens in an attempt to force changes in their own institutions due to changing cultural preferences or cultural conflicts. In any of these cases, we are talking about the design of new institutions or about changing cultures. This situation is examined with the application and development of the “intermediate institutions” concept.