Inequality persists in the modern world, manifesting itself both in the socio-economic and informational spheres, and the scientific, technological, and innovative ones. The authors of the article are trying to answer the question of whether inequality can be overcome. The authors proceed from the theory of the global commons, which considers scientific, technological, and innovative development as the global commons. Moreover, according to this logic, the right to scientific, technological, and innovative development – understood as an individual and collective right, which logically fits into the process of the evolution of human rights – and the concept of the right to scientific, technological and innovative development are based on ideas of the innovative sovereignty of all states – the fundamental equality of all states in the right to innovate and develop technologies necessary to solve global problems. This right has been historically associated with decolonization, and the necessity for guaranteeing rights for the realization of human potential as a condition for realizing all other political, social, economic, cultural, and environmental rights. The authors of the article compare modern approaches to overcoming the problems of scientific, technological, and innovative inequality in the world, and analyze issues relating to the openness of science, the democratization of the process of creating innovations, and the transition to “open innovation”.