The resolution of ethnic conflicts is one of the priority problems of ensuring the security of citizens of Russia, its society and the state. Between October 2018 and March 2019, a survey of twenty highly qualified Russian experts in this field was conducted using questionnaire and in-depth interview methods. The purpose of the survey was to determine the degree of importance of various components of Russia’s national security, the role and place of the ethno-national sphere, the degree of danger of ethnic conflict, and the ratio of external and internal threats to Russian Federation. The survey results indicate that security in the field of interethnic relations is one of the most important components of Russia’s national security. Higher in importance, experts evaluated only the military and state security of the country. Security in the sphere of ethno-national relations is closely interconnected with military and state security and has a significant impact on them. Assessing the sources of threats, most experts (60%) believe that at present, the main threats to Russia come approximately equally from abroad and from within the country; a smaller part of experts (40%) consider that they are abroad. None of the respondents supported the view that these threats are mainly located within the country. Similar estimates were given by experts on the sources of potential threats to the Russian Federation for the next five to seven years.